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eBook details

• Title: An Inclusive Model of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Substance Use Disorder Comorbidity
• Author : Frank Michael Kenner
• Release Date : January 18, 2013
• Genre: Psychology,Books,Health, Mind & Body,Spirituality,Science & Nature,
• Pages : * pages
• Size : 9348 KB

Description

Associations between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder (SUD) are well established, and research has shown that the rate of co-occurrence of PTSD and SUD exceeds that to be expected by chance. The self-medication hypothesis (SMH; Khantzian, 1985) is the most prominent and widely accepted causal mechanism believed to be responsible for this comorbidity. However, the SMH has garnered inconsistent findings in empirical research and does not appear to sufficiently account for this relationship. The present study sought to expand upon existing research by introducing an inclusive model of PTSD-SUD comorbidity that included other, potentially related factors. The biobehavioral constructs of the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and behavioral activation system (BAS) from Gray’s (1982; 2000) reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) of personality constitute vulnerability factors that were posited to explain PTSD/SUD comorbidity beyond the SMH. Additionally, coping and enhancement motives for drinking from Cooper’s (1994) model were assumed to constitute the behavioral outcomes associated with BIS and BAS sensitivities which would reflect divergent paths to PTSD-SUD comorbidity. Specifically, BIS sensitivity was assumed to be positively associated with drinking to cope, and BAS sensitivity would be positively associated with drinking to enhance. Finally, negative emotionality was posited to function as a mediating factor between BIS sensitivity and drinking to cope, while disconstraint would mediate the relationship between BAS sensitivity and drinking to enhance. A total of 264 treatment seeking individuals were recruited from an urban, residential, community based substance use detoxification facility. These individuals completed one-time self-report measures of the model’s constructs, the data from which were used to identify participants who were comorbid with PTSD and SUD. Data from these individuals (N = 97) were submitted to a series of regression analyses to test the relationships represented in the model. Results showed that hypothesized paths associated with BIS sensitivity were mostly supported; however, those associated with BAS sensitivity were not. Limitations of the present study and implications for future research are discussed.

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